In the Cortical area:

• Ectopias
• Diffuse patterns of cortical scars
• Dyslaminations

In the Cerebellar Cortex significantly larger cellular areas:

• Medial Posterior Lobe
• Anterior Lobe

Dysfunctions in several phonological cortexes:

• Left Perisylvian
• Left Temporal
• Middle Temporal
• Inferior Temporal

Altered functionality of processes(not directly involved in phonology):

• Dysfunction of early sensory stages of the Magnocellular visual and auditory pathways
• Dysfunctional visuospatial attentional system
• Disorder of the motor system including altered cerebellar physiology

Other structural MR studies have shown inconsistent results: for example, the observation of Galaburda has been replicated only in 50% of the MRI studies. Anatomical measures of other structures such as the Corpus Callosum have also provided variable results:

• Enlarged Splenium
• Shrinkage in the Genu
• Abnormally shaped Isthmus.

A Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) study, reported reduced grey matter in:

• Orbital portion of the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus
  
• Orbital portion of the Superior Temporal Gyrus
• Outside the classical language regions.

The largest clusters were detected in:

• Left temporo-Parietal-Occipital region
• Left Inferior Gyri
  
• Middle Temporal Gyri
• Inferior Frontal Gyri
• Superior Frontal Gyri
• Superior Cerebellar regions bilaterally

No differences in white matter densities were reported, others reported 4 anatomical measures that differentiated phonological dyslexic subjects from reading-disabled and control subjects:

• Marked rightward cerebral asymmetry
• Marked leftward asymmetry of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum
• Combined leftward asymmetry of the planum temporale and posterior ascending ramus of the sylvian fissure
• Large duplication of Heschl’s gyrus on the left

Others found significant morphological cerebral alterations in dyslexic children. In areas that showed significant correlations with reading, spelling and language measures:

• Smaller right anterior cerebellar lobes,
• Pars triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally
• Overall brain volume

A recent VBM study, observed significant reductions of grey matter volume in areas of the brain associated with language and reading processing in people with a family history of dyslexia. Significant reductions were located bilaterally in:

• Planum temporale
• Inferior temporal cortex
• Cerebellar nuclei
• Left superior and inferior temporal regions

Finally, there is one MRI morphometric study on the cerebellum, found that, although normal controls had a larger right hemispheric cerebellar cortical surface, the cerebellar hemispheres in the dyslexic subjects were symmetric.